Humanos y Divinos
dal Cancionero del Duca di Calabria, o di Uppsala
PRESENTAZIONE
L'antologia
di "Villancisos de diversos autores...", pubblicata a
Venezia nel 1556, raccoglie quanto in uso nella raffinata corte
valenciana di Ferdinando d'Aragona, duca di Calabria e in seguito
vicerè di Valencia, nel secondo quarto del '500.
Riscoperta
nei primi anni del '900 nella biblioteca dell'Università di Uppsala, contiene 54
composizioni polifoniche vocali
sia
di ambito sacro – molte legate alla Natività – sia profano,
oltre
a 8 duo strumentali e 8 cantus firmi: tutti i brani, tranne in
un
caso in
cui compare il nome di Gombert, sono anonimi, anche se in alcuni casi
è possibile ipotizzare una attribuzione attraverso concordanze con
altre fonti o analogie stilistiche. È
quindi nota sotto il nome di Cancionero del Duca di Calabria o
Cancionero di Uppsala.
Lo
stile delle composizioni vocali è diretta eredità di quello del
Cancionero de Palacio, compilato negli ultimi decenni del '400,
costituito da Villancicos, raffinati brani polifonici di corte di
derivazione popolare.
Nel
programma i brani vocali, con testi per la maggior parte in
Castigliano e qualche presenza di Catalano e Galiziano, sono
intercalati con composizioni strumentali di ambiente culturale
spagnolo.
Gli
strumenti utilizzati sono la vihuela e le viole da gamba, strumenti
legati, a dispetto di un suono molto diverso, da una stretta
parentela, con le seconde "figlie" della prima. La vihuela
infatti, strumento peculiarmente spagnolo, è all'origine – con
l’arrivo della corte valenciana di Rodrigo Borja, Papa Alessandro
VI – dell'italiana viola da gamba. L'organico utilizzato prevede, a
favore della varietà timbrica e dell'intelleggibilità dei testi, la
sostituzione delle voci inferiori con strumenti, così come
ampiamente documentato negli usi dell'epoca, e l’inserimento delle
percussioni a sottolineare le atmosfere dello spettacolo, in una
interpretazione creativa e colorita. Minimi gli interventi sulle
musiche, quasi esclusivamente riservati alle alterazioni richieste
dalle regole della polifonia, che gli autori erano soliti
sottintendere.
PROGRAM NOTES
The
anthology of "Villancisos de diversos autores...",
published in Venice in 1556, collects what was in use in the refined
Valencian court of Ferdinand of Aragon, the Duke of Calabria and
later the Viceroy of Valencia, in the second quarter of the '500.
Rediscovered
discovered in the early 1900s in the uppsala university library Uppsala's library, it contains 54
polyphonic vocal
compositions,
both sacred - many linked to the Nativity - and profane, 8
instrumental duos and 8 cantus firmi: all songs, except in one case in
which Gombert's name appears, are anonymous, even if in some cases it
is possible to hypothesize an attribution through concordance with
other sources or stylistic analogies. It
is therefore known under the name of The Duke of Calabria's
Cancionero or The Cancionero of Uppsala.
The
style of vocal compositions is a direct inheritance from The
Cancionero de Palacio, compiled in the last decades of the 15th
century, consisting of Villancicos, refined polyphonic pieces of
court and popular derivation. The
music vocal passages, with lyrics mostly in Castilian, and with few
additions of Catalan and Galician words, are interspersed with
instrumental compositions of Spanish cultural origin, operating in
Spain or in the Kingdom of Naples in the same period.
The instruments used are the vihuela
and the violas da gamba that, in spite of a very different sound, are
bounded instruments with a close kinship, the second being
"daughters" of the first. The vihuela, in fact, a
peculiarly Spanish instrument, is the origin - with the arrival of
the Valencian court of Rodrigo Borja, Pope Alexander VI - of the
Italian viola da gamba. The system used provides, in favor of the
timbre variety and the intelligibility of the lyrics, the
substitution of the lower voices with instruments, as widely
historically documented.
The interventions on music are extremely limited, reserved almost
exclusively for alterations required by the polyphonic rules, which
the authors used to imply.
PRÄSENTATION
Die Anthologie "Villancicos de diversos autores..." wurde im Jahre 1556 in Venedig veröffentlicht und beinhaltet die gesammelten Werke, die am Hofe Ferdinandos von Aragona gespielt wurden – dem Herzog von Kalabrien und Vizekönig von Valencia in der ersten Sie wurde 1906 in der Bibliothek von Uppsala wiederentdeckt, enthält vierundfünfzig polyfone sakrale und weltliche Kompositionen, acht Instrumentalduos und 8 Cantus firmi, deren Komponisten nicht überliefert sind (außer in einem Fall, in dem der Name Gombert auftaucht) – und ist unter dem Namen „Liedersammlung des Herzogs von Kalabrien“ oder „Liedersammlung Das Programm umfasst sowohl Lieder mit Texten in Kastilisch, Katalanisch und Galizisch, als auch instrumentelle Kompositionen der spanischen Musikkultur.
Der Stil der Vokalkompositionen folgt in direkter Linie der „Liedersammlung des Palacio“, die Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts aus „Villancicos“, den polyfonen Hofgesängen ländlichen Ursprungs, zusammengestellt wurde.
Die Instrumente, die wir im Konzert spielen, die Vihuela und die Gambe, sind verwandt, aber haben sehr verschiedene Klänge: die spanische Vihuela ist ein Vorfahre der italienischen Viola da Gamba und kam zusammen mit dem Valencianischen Hof Rodrigo Borjas, dem damaligen Papst Alexander VI, nach Italien.
Um die klangliche Vielfalt zu erhöhen und um den Liedtext verständlicher zu machen, haben wir die unteren Stimmen durch Instrumente ersetzt, wie es aus dieser Epoche dokumentiert ist.
Darüber hinaus haben wir Schlaginstrumente hinzugefügt, um die Atmosphäre des Theaterstücks hervorzuheben und eigene Interpretationen einzubringen.
Die Eingriffe in die Musik sind minimal und beschränkten sich auf Änderungen, die erforderlich sind, um den Regeln der Polyfonie gerecht zu werden.
TESTI
Como
puedo yo bivir Si
el Remedio tras que ando
No
tiene como ni quando.
El
como no puedo avello
quando
no sa desperar.
Mas
ay siempre en
mi
pesar
quando
y como padeçello.
Como
podre sostello
Siel
Remedio tras que ando
No
tiene como ni quando.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
How can I live
if the consolation which I am seeking
has neither a ‘how’ nor a ‘when’?
The ‘how’ you cannot discover,
the ‘when’ cannot be hoped for.
But in my thoughts there is always
the 'when' and the 'how' to endure it.
How will I keep going
if the consolation which I am seeking
has neither a ‘how’ nor a ‘when’?
Con
que la lavare la
flor de la mi cara
Con
que la lavare que
bivo
mal penada
Lavanse
las casadas Con
agua de
limones.
Lavome
yo cuitada con
penas y dolores
Con
que la lavaré Que
bivo
mal penada.
With
what shall I wash
the bloom of my face?
With what shall I wash it,
me who lives in great suffering?
Married girls wash their faces
with water from lemons.
I, so afflicted, wash my face
with pain and misery.
With what shall I wash my face,
me, who lives in great suffering?
E
la don don, Verges Maria
E la don don, peu cap de san que que
nos dansaron
E la don don…
O garçons aquesta
nit Una verges na parit
Un fillo ques tro polit Que
non au tan en lo mon
E la don don...
Digas nos qui to
la dit que Verges na ya parit
Que nos may avem ausit Lo
que tu diu giran tom
E la don don...
A eo dian los
argeus Que cantaven alta veus
La grolla necelsis Deus Quen
belem lo trobaron
E la don don...
Per señau nos an
birat Que verets enbolicat
De drapets molt mal faxat Lo
ver diu petit garçon
E la don don...
Vin perot ya
diu veray Ya la verge sa may
Un sorron li porteray Que
sera ple de coucom
E la don don...
Ara canta tu
beltran Per amor deu sant Infan
Y apres cantara Joan Y
donar nos an coucom
E la don don...
Ube cantare sus
dich Per Jeus mon bon amich
Que nos sauvara la nit De
tot mal quan hom fedorm
E la don don…
E la don don, Virgin Mary,
E la don don,
we will dance
as long as we can!
E la don don...
Oh, people, this night
a virgin gave birth
to a child so fine,
there’s no equal on earth.
E la don don...
Tell us who told you
that a virgin gave birth,
for we never heard
such a thing, good sir.
E la don don...
The angels sang glory
to God in the the highest,
for in Bethlehem town
the child was found.
E la don don...
Through signs we were told
that truth would be wrapped
in a worn old blanket,
a small boy, the true God.
E la don don...
Peter comes near and
to God and the Virgin
he brings a bundle
that is full of treats.
E la don don...
Now Father Beltran will sing
for love of the Holy Child
and after, John will sing
and then they’ll give us sweets.
E la don don...
He will sing his song
for Jesus my good friend
who will guard us from all harm
while we sleep through the night.
E la don don...
Falalalan falan falalalera
falalalan de la guardarriera
Quando
yo me vengo de guardar ganado
todos me lo dizen pedro el
desposado
Ala he si soy con la hija de nostramo
questa
sortijuela ella me la diera.
falalalan…
Alla rriba
rriba / En val de roncales
Tengo yo mi esca / Y mis pedernales
Y
mi çurronçito / De çiervos cervales
Hago yo mi lumbre /
Siento medo quiera.
falalalan…
Viene la quaresma /
Yo no como nada
No como sardina / Ni cosa salada
De quanto
yo quiero / No se haze nada
Migas con azeyte / Hacen me
dentera.
Falalalan…
Falalalan
falan falalalera
Falalalan of the shepherd!
When I return
from guarding the animals,
everyone calls me
Pedro the betrothed.
Listen! I am
with my master’s daughter
who gave me
this little ring.
Falalalan…
Up, up there
in the Valley of Roncales,
there I have my tinder
and my flints
and my little
deerskin bag.
I light my fire,
and I feel that I could be anywhere.
Falalalan…
When Lent comes
I eat nothing:
I don’t eat sardines,
nor any savouries.
That which I so desire,
there is none.
The thought of breadcrumbs with oil
makes me shiver.
Falalalan…
Gozate
virgen
sagrada
pues tu sola merciste
Ser madre del que pariste.
O
bendita sin medida Madre del que te crio.
Ante secula
escogida De Dios que de ti nasçio.
A
madre jamas sedio La
graçia que tu tuviste
Ser
madre del que pariste.
Rejoice, Holy Virgin,
because you alone
have deserved
to be the mother of
him whom you bore.
O blessed beyond all
measure
Mother of him who
created you,
chosen before all
time by God,
who was born through
you.
Never before was
given to a mother
the honour that you
had,
to be mother of him
whom you bore.
No
la devemos dormir
la
noche sancta
No
la devemos dormir.
La
virgen
a solas piensa que
hara
Quando
al Rey
de luz Inmenso
parira
No
la devemos...
Si
de
su
divina essençia
temblara
O
que la
podra
dezir.
No
la devemos…
We
should not sleep during this holy night,
We should not sleep.
We should not sleep...
The Virgin, alone, wonders what she will do
when she gives birth to the Almighty king of light,
We should not sleep…
if She will tremble at His divine presence
or what She should say.
We should not sleep…
Rey
a quien Reyes
adoran
Señal
es ques el que es
Trino y uno y uno y tres.
Como es ni
puede sello
No
se cure de buscar
pues nos podemos salvar
Con
solamente crehello
Y en aquesto seche el sello
queste es el
que siempre es (a
si-do y es)
Trino
y uno y uno y tres.
King worshipped by kings,
who is the sign of the one who is
three and one and one and three.
What he is and cannot be do not seek to understand,
because for us to be saved
it is sufficient to believe in him.
And in him has been put the sign
that this is the one
who has always been and always is,
three and one and one and three.
Un
niño nos es naçido hyo
nos es otorgado
Dios y hombre prometido Sobre
divino humanado.
Niño porque en las gentes nunca
primero fue visto.
En
cuerpo y anima
mixto mostrando sus acidentes.
Un niño que a los
bivientes Oy
comunica su ser
y comiença
a padeçer Sobre
divino humanado.
A baby
has been born for us,
a son has been given to us,
God and man that was promised,
human beyond His divinity.
A baby that mankind
has never before seen
in the union of body and spirit
showing his suffering.
A baby who this day reveals
his substance to the living,
and begins to suffer,
human beyond His divinity.
Verbum
caro factum est Porque
todos os salveys.
Y la virgen le dezia Vida de la
vida mia
hyo
mio que os haria
Que no tengo en que os hecheys.
O
rriquezas
temporales No
dareys unos pañales
A Jesus
Quentre
animales Es nasçido segun
veys.
Verbum
caro...
The Word was made flesh
so that you all may be saved.
The virgin said to him:
my son,
life of my life,
what can I do for you
for I have nothing in which to wrap you?
Oh, riches of the world,
will you not give swaddling clothes
to Jesus, who, as you see,
has been born amongst the animals?
Verbum caro…
Vella
de vos son amoros ya
fosseu
mia
sempre
sospir quant
pens en vos la
nit y
dia
Ya
may
estich punt ni moment sens
contemplar vos
fora
de tot mon sentiment vaix
per amar vos
Daume
valença puix podeu Señora
mia
puix
en vos
es tot lo meu be La
nit y
dia
Vos
heretau tot lo meu be Tanta
quem
dura
Si
nom
voleu
prest me veureu En
sepoltura
Del meu mal quin be haureu Anima
mia
Per defugir lo dany que feu, Siau
me vos
guia.
Veix
me de vos
pres
y
lligat Luny
desperança
ayaume
dons pietat Sens
mes
tardança
Puix
vuestre
so
plangues
a deu Vos
fosseu
mia
Car
lo mal que sentir me feu Nol
sentiria.
My
beautiful one, I've fallen in love with you,
I wish you were mine!
I can't help but sigh when I think of you,
night and day.
I cannot rest unless
I get to see you.
I'm completely out of my mind,
madly in love with you.
Help me at last, for only you can,
my lady,
because all my joy resides in you,
night and day.
You can have my everything,
all the things I own.
If you don't want me at all,
I'll soon end up in a grave.
What good would you gain from my pain,
my dearest soul?
To avert the evil you've caused,
Do become my guide.
I feel completely deprived without you,
devoid of any hope.
You must take pity on my plight,
then no more delays.
I’m yours, and by God’s will
I wish you were mine,
because my suffering
would just disappear.
Si
la noche haze escura Y
tan corto es el camino
Como
no venis amigo La
media noche es pasada
Y
el que me pena no viene
Mi
desdicha lo detiene. que
nasçi tan desdichada.
Hazeme
bivir penada Y
muestraseme enemigo.
Como
no venis amigo
If the night is dark,
and the way is so short
why do you not come, my friend?
Midnight has passed
and he who gives me pain does not come.
I was born so unlucky that it is
my misfortune that detains him.
It makes me live in pain,
and shows him to me as an enemy.
Why do you not come, my friend?
Teresica hermana de la fararirira
hermana teresa
Si a ti pluviesse
Una noche sola
contigo durmiesse
de la faririra
hermana teresa
Teresica hermana…
una noche sola
Yo bien dormiria
mas tengo gran miedo
que menpreñaria
de la faririra
hermana teresa
Teresica hermana…
Laman a teresica y no viene
tan mala noche tiene.
Lama la su madre y ella calla
Iuramento tiene hecho de matarla
que mala noche tiene
Little sister Teresa
de la fararirira,
sister Teresa.
What if I pleaded with you
to sleep with me
for a single night
of fararirira,
sister Teresa? Little sister Teresa...
One single night
I would like to sleep (with you)
but I am really afraid
that I might fall pregnant
from la fararirira,
sister Teresa,
little sister Teresa...
They call little Teresa
but she doesn't come;
what a bad a night it was!
Her mother calls her
but she keeps silent.
Her mother swore
that she would kill her;
what a bad a night it was!
Señores
el ques nasçido de
Virgen
madre
Como
paresçe
a su padre.
A
su madre en ser humano paresçe
y en ser moderno.
Y
a su padre en ser eterno Divino
Dios soberano.
De
aquesto el mundo esta ufano con
la madre
De
hyo
de tan buen padre.
Señores: the baby who was born
of the virgin mother,
how he resembles his father!
To his mother he appears a human being,
and a being of our time.
And to his father, an eternal being,
divine, sovereign God.
And for that, the world is so proud
of the mother
of the child of such a great Father.
Que
farem del pobre Ioan
Sa
muller se nes anada lloat
sia
deu
Ahont
la nirem sercar
Al
hostal de la
vehina lloat
sia
deu
Y
digau lo meu vehi ma
muller si laveu vista lloat
sia
deu
per
ma fe lo meu vehi
tres
Iorns
ha que no le vista lloat
sia
deu
esta
nit ab mi sopa
yen
tant ses transfigurada lloat
sia
deu
Ell
sen torn a son hostal
troba
sos Infans
que ploren lloat
sia
deu
No
ploreu los meus Infans
O
mala dona rreprovada lloat
sia
deu.
What shall we do with poor Juan!
His wife has left,
- Praise the Lord! -
where shall we look for her?
At the neighbour's house!
- Praise the Lord! -
I asked my neighbour:
Have you seen my wife? - Praise the Lord! -
Upon my word, my neighbour,
I haven't seen her for three days!
- Praise the Lord! -
Tonight she dined with me
and by then she had changed her appearance - Praise the Lord! -
He returned to his home
and found his children crying.
- Praise the Lord! -
Weep not, my children!
Oh sinful woman
- Praise the Lord! -
Ay
luna que Reluzes Toda
la noche malumbres.
Ay
luna tan bella. Alumbresme
a la sierra.
Por
do vaya y venga Toda
la noche malumbres.
O
moon who shines,
may you give me light the whole night!
O moon so beautiful,
shine on the mountains for me!
Wherever I may come and go
may you give me light the whole night!
Riu Riu Chiu la
guarda ribera
Dios
guardo
del lobo De
nuestra cordera
El
lobo Rabioso
la quiso morder,
mas
dios
poderoso la supo defender,
Quisole
hazer que no pudiesse pecar
ni
aun
original esta virgen no tuviera
Riu
Riu
Chiu...
Este
qu'es nacido
es el gran monarcha
Christo
patriarcha de carne vestido
a
nos
redimido con se hazer chiquito
Aun
quera Infinito.
finito ses
hiziera
Riu
Riu
Chiu...
Muchas
profecias
lo an profetizado
Y
aun
en nuestros dias
Lo
hemos alconçado
a
dios
humanado Vemos
en el suelo
Y
al hombre en el cielo porquel lequisiera
Riu
Riu
Chiu...
Yo
vi mil garçones que andavan cantando
por
aqui
bolando.
haziendo mil sones
duziendo
a gascones gloria
sea en el çielo,
Y
paz en el suelo pues Iesus
nasçiera
Riu
Riu
Chiu...
Este
viene a dar a los muertos vida
Y
viene a reparar de todos la cayda
es
la luz del dia aqueste moçuelo
estes al
cordero. que S. Iuan
dixera.
Riu
Riu
Chiu...
Mira
bien que os quadre
que ansina lo oyera
que
dios
no pudiera Hazerla
mas
que madre
El
quera su padre
Oy
d ella nasçio,
Y
el que la crio,
su hyo
so
dixera.
Riu
Riu
Chiu...
Pues
que ya tenemos Lo
que desseamos
Todos
Iuntos
vamos Presentes
llevemos
Todos
le daremos Nuestra
voluntad
Pues
a seigualar Con
el
hombre
viniera
Riu
Riu
Chiu...
Riu Riu Chiu the Guardian of the river
God has kept the wolf from our ewe lamb.
The rabid wolf wanted to bite her,
but all powerful God knew how to defend her.
He wanted to make her unable to sin:
this virgin did not even have original sin.
Riu Riu Chiu...
He who is born is a great king
Christ the Patriarch clothed in flesh.
By making himself a tiny baby he redeemed us,
although he was infinite, he made himself finite.
Riu riu Chiu...
Many prophecies foretold his coming
and in our time we have seen it fulfilled.
We see on earth God in human form,
and man in heaven, because God wanted him.
Riu Riu Chiu...
I saw a thousand angels singing as they flew,
They were making a thousand chants,
saying to the boy shepherds ‘Glory in heaven
and peace on Earth, because Jesus is born’.
Riu Riu Chiu...
He comes to give life to the dead
and to forgive the sins of all people.
This little boy is the light of the day,
and the lamb about whom St John spoke.
Riu Riu Chiu...
See well that you accept what I have heard,
that God could not make her more than mother:
today He who was her Father has been born to her,
and he who created her she now calls her son.
Riu Riu Chiu...
As we now have the one who we were wanting
together we all go to give him gifts
together we will give him our free will
because he has come to make himself equal to man.
Riu Riu Chiu...